Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2018 ACS 5-Year Estimates. About Us Contact Us Search. Caldwell Township Hall 9510 W. Walker Rd. County Office is not affiliated with any government agency. View all Caldwell Property Records by Street. For more than two years, Caldwell County EMS searched for a way to provide blood transfusions to patients before they reached a medical center. Suggest Listing Please act responsibly when visiting the courthouse by wearing your face mask and using hand sanitizer. About This Home Third party advertisements support hosting, listing verification, updates, and site maintenance. Princeton, Kentucky 42445 ** For Address searches, do not use directional prefixes (such as N, S, E, W) or suffixes (such as Dr., St., etc.) Currently accepting applications for Appraisal Review Board member term 2023 thru 2024. On November 8, 2022, Lockhart ISD asked voters to approve the Penny Put-Back VATRE, Voter Approved Tax Ratification Election. 2023 County Office. Some counties allow renewals at substations or subcontractors, such as participating grocery stores. Use this form to contact us, All taxing entities within Caldwell County Appraisal District. Contact Information: Beverly Alden, Assessor, Caldwell County Courthouse (First Floor), 49 East Main, P.O. To provide courteous, accurate and efficient services for the Citizens of Caldwell County. We strive daily to earn your trust and respect. Nearby States: Illinois , Kansas , Arkansas , Iowa , Oklahoma . - Please use only the street name for best results. Read more click here. Texas homeowners assistance grants for delinquent property taxes & late mortgage payments. Carbon farming practices have shown a positive . Use the power of the interactive mapping functionality by searching, viewing, and selecting different properties of interest directly on the map. More than 25 million individual visitors searched the website this year for information about the nearly 335,000 accounts in the 720 square miles that make up the county with a total market value of more than $80 Billion. This will be accomplished by maintaining the highest standards in appraisal practices and law, guided by the goals of providing quality service to the taxpayers and taxing entities and by developing personnel who are professional and knowledgeable. The County Assessor is an elected official whose principal function is to determine the market value ofall taxable property within the county for the purpose of equitable distribution of property tax burden. IF ADDRESS ON BILL IS INCORRECT, PLEASE ADVISE OUR OFFICE. Our objective is to assess all property in this parish as accurately and as equitably as possible, and to serve the citizens of this parish in an effective, responsible, and courteous manner. This web site has been prepared to assist you, as a property owner and taxpayer as to the functions of your PVA office. Lenoir, The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". There are many notable services offered by Caldwell County GIS and Mapping Services. document.write( new Date().getUTCFullYear() );Texas Department of Motor Vehicles. Currently accepting applications for Appraisal Review Board member term 2023 thru 2024. All information on this site is prepared for the inventory of real property found within Caldwell County. PO Box 2200 100 East Market 028-201-04 Ranch at Porter Creek MUD #2. Remember to have your property's Tax ID Number or Parcel Number available when you call! Princeton, Kentucky 42445 You can call the Caldwell County Tax Assessor's Office for assistance at 512-398-1830. Texas Association of Appraisal Districts announced historic growth in Texas real estate values. Box 900 When contacted by The42, the FAI said: "Appeals in relation to wrongful dismissal cost 500 and the deadline is 1pm on the day after the game. About Us Contact Us Working Waterfronts, and Portability, Ken set a standard of excellence for public service. You may report a change of email address by: You may change your election for electronic delivery at any time utilizing these same methods listed above. Read more click here. Ownership, legal description, and valuations are believed to be accurate. What You Need to Know About Starting Your New Dealership, Registration Renewals (License Plates and Registration Stickers), Change of Address on Motor Vehicle Records, Non-fee License Plates such as Purple Heart and Disabled Veterans License Plates. You may request a free paper copy of your notice(s) at any time without affecting your online election. Mirabile R.29W -- T.57N. Matt was born
Office Hours M-F 8 a.m. - 4 p.m. CST He is proud to have sponsored, and have the Governor sign into
Mailing Address: All rights reserved. Public Property Records provide information on land, homes, and commercial properties in Caldwell, including titles, property deeds, mortgages, property tax assessment records, and other documents. Named for John Caldwell who participated in the George Rogers Clark Indian Campaign, it is located within the Pennyrile region of western Kentucky. 2022 Appraisal Notices have been mailed April 29, 2022 for most properties. Your email address will not be used for any purpose unrelated to facilitating the notifications described above. Click here for more information and application. It is bordered by Payette and Gem Counties on the north, Ada County on the east, Owyhee County to the south, and Malheur County, Oregon to the west. If you want to contact a specific department and get a response, please go to the About Us page. Posted 5:20:14 PM. 089-201-06 Gonzales County Underground Water Conservation District. support good government at the local, state, and federal levels. Within this site you will find general information about the District and the ad valorem property tax system in Texas, appraisal district staff will be performing reappraisals within the community. All District staff will be in white vehicles with the Caldwell County Appraisal District logo on front doors. Caldwell CAD leads in Innovation for Sheriff Tax Sale online auction. Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2018 ACS 5-Year Estimates. We record a variety of real property documents including deeds, deeds of trust, mortgage cancellations, powers of attorney, maps and others. Now, through a partnership with UNC Health Blue Ridge, Caldwell EMS carries blood on all supervisor trucks. Lockhart, TX 78644, Quick payments and drop off completed forms ONLY at Drive Thru Window, -------------------------------------------------, publicinformation emailor by postal mail, Welcome to Caldwell County Appraisal District. Documents. Property Record Search. Protest Deadline is May 31, 2022. church, and spends time as a small businessman focused on his timber and cattle operation. Matt was a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 2010-2018, serving on and chairing several
He is currently pursuing a
Outside of serving in elected office, Matt volunteered for appointment to various governmental committees
The district appraises property according to the Texas Property Tax Code and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practices (USPAP). Please call the assessor's office in Lockhart before you send . I have received both my CKA (Certified Kentucky Assessor) and SKA (Senior Kentucky Assessor) designations. Lockhart, TX 78644-0900, Physical Address: (888)-565-4530, 2023 - DataScout, LLC | All rights reserved. Municipality. Property Valuation Administrator Rockford R.29W -- T.56N. COVID-19 NOTICE
Click the followingvideos to learn more about Caldwell County Appraisal District: The Appraisal District does not set tax rates. You may apply for the 2023 Tax Year for AG applications. In 2018, Matt was the Republican nominee for Florida Commissioner of
While an undergraduate, he began his career as a real estate appraiser, ultimately joining the firm
The skunk was found on Taylor Circle in Granite Falls. Property assessments performed by the Assessor are used to determine the Caldwell County property taxes owed by individual taxpayers. Richloam Museum. Find Caldwell County Home Values, Property Tax Payments (Annual), Property Tax Collections (Total), and Housing Characteristics. We enjoy serving you. we welcome your comments and suggestions. In his private life, Matt enjoys the outdoor lifestyle that Florida
Assessor Scott Meredith
P.O. CountyOffice.org does not provide consumer reports and is not a consumer reporting agency as defined by the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). Find 10 external resources related to Caldwell County Assessor. SEARCH BY . Have a questions for us? However, both John Rees and Vardis Fisher believed it was named for the Snake River canyon which forms a natural boundary for the county. Caldwell station was the fourth of six stations on the Erie Railroad Caldwell Branch, located in Caldwell, New Jersey. Brad Smith, Ada County's chief deputy assessor, said the new bill is "something he can live with" and said he doesn't think the new legislation will shift tax burden from commercial property owners onto residential homeowners. he remains of counsel, as well. Canyon County is situated on 604 square miles of prime farmland in southwest Idaho. Popularity:#96 of 117 Assessor Offices in Missouri#2,395 in Assessor Offices. EMAIL: kbrindley@caldwellcourthouse.com 28th Circuit Court; District Court . Find Caldwell County residential property tax assessment records, tax assessment history, land & improvement values, district details, property maps, tax rates, exemptions, market valuations, ownership, past sales, deeds & more. reform, medical care, criminal justice reform, pensions, and term limits, among others. For technical problems related to this website, please contact (828) 757-8655. County Home Page | Register of Deeds | Tax Search | Help . That same year, mobile homes, real, and business personal property totaled over 100,000 parcels with a market value in excess of $18,385,200,000. Our well trained professional staff is dedicated to serve the citizens of Caldwell Parish. Its is an honor to serve as your Assessor,Scott MeredithCaldwell Parish Tax Assessor. Box 85, Kingston, MO 64650 Office Hours: Monday through Friday, 8:00-12:00 and 1:00-4:30 Phone: 816.586.5261 Important Information Assessment sheets are due each year by March 1st Agriculture and Consumer Services. as well as information regarding specific properties within the district. and his Bachelor of Arts in History from Florida Gulf Coast University. 41862 Rado Ridge Rd. Caldwell County, NC Tax Website The Tax Administrator's Office is a multi-function office, charged with the responsibility of maintaining records on all real and personal property in Caldwell County. Cooperative Extension | Caldwell County Center, 120 Hospital Ave Suite 1, Lenoir, NC 28645, USA N.C. Users of this data are hereby notified that the aforementioned public information sources should be consulted for verification of the information. View 1102 E Caldwell St, Phoenix, AZ 85042 property records for FREE including property ownership, deeds, mortgages, titles & sales history, current & historic tax assessments, legal, parcel & structure description, land use, zoning & more. Register of Deeds Now Accepts Passport Applications, Caldwell County EMS Can Now Provide Blood Transfusions in the Field, Caldwell County Animal Care Enforcement Opens New Facility, Caldwell County Emergency Services Experiences Record Number of Calls, Board of Commissioners Extends Condolences to the Family of Senator James Broyhill. on the board of the Florida Association of Property Appraisers, Florida State Parks Foundation, and the
Caldwell County Courthouse 100 East Market Street 2nd Floor, Room 28 Princeton, KY 42445 (270) 365-7227 - Office This County Tax Office works in partnership with our Vehicle Titles and Registration Division. Accessibility. Princeton, Kentucky 42445 Information found on CountyOffice.org is strictly for informational purposes and does not construe legal, financial or medical advice. I am available to speak to and/or answer questions at rwood@caldwellcourthouse.com. About the Caldwell County Assessor Office Assessor Offices in Caldwell County, NC are responsible for assessing the values of all taxable property within their jurisdictions. The tax rates are set by each individual taxing entity. Caldwell Borough. Home; Departments. Contact Information Caldwell County 100 E. Market Street Room 27 Princeton, KY 42445 100 East Market View all Caldwell Property Records by Street. 2023 County Office. 028-202-04 Caldwell County Municipal Utility District #1. of the Lee County Charter in 2008, and the OPPAGA Local Government Efficiency Task Force in 2021. Find Caldwell County Home Values, Property Tax Payments (Annual), Property Tax Collections (Total), and Housing Characteristics. Property Valuation Administrator, Ronald Wood. 211 Caldwell Avenue, Los Gatos, CA 95032 is a single family home listed for sale at $3,200,000. Assessor Platform. Ronald D. Wood All property splits & subdivision created after April 1, 2023 will be split for 2024 tax year. In 2020, Matt was elected to serve as the Lee County Property Appraiser, following the retirement of 40-year
Although we are all somewhat new to our positions we have made great strides to improve our office. It includes the GIS database as well as the county map. Search and Pay Taxes : 1.7.2: Caldwell County, NC - Real Estate Search: Caldwell County Web Site: Real Estate Search: Tax Bill Search: Sales Search: Hide Details. If rising property taxes are a concern to you, be sure to vote and attend your taxing districts budget hearings. Box 67 Find market rates for jobs by location, industry, and size. Phone: (270) 365-7227 They live there today, where
Courts & Legal. Homeowner's Exemption. regarding financial oversight, audits, land use and transportation, as well as Everglades restoration as a
If you have any questions about the data displayed on this website please contact the Caldwell County Tax Office at (828) 757-8655. You will always find a friendly face at our office to help you with all your needs. (318)-649-2636, 201 Main Street, Suite 3Columbia, LA 71418, support@datascoutpro.com
All appraisal staff carry CCAD issued identification. S Caldwell Avenue Property Records by Address. WELCOME TO THE CALDWELL COUNTY PROPERTY VALUATION ADMINISTRATION WEBSITE Sketches and Maps are now available on the website! Caldwell Appraisal District is responsible for appraising all real and business personal property within Caldwell County and parts of four surrounding counties. County Office is not affiliated with any government agency. All Rights Reserved. Other locations may be available. The mission of the Caldwell County Appraisal District is to discover, list and appraise all property located within the boundaries of the district in an accurate, ethical and impartial manner in an effort to estimate the market value of each property and achieve uniformity and equity between classes of properties. Matt Caldwell is a 7th generation Florida native, whose family came to Micanopy in 1826. Assessors appraise values of all land and commercial property (real property), and business' fixed asset (personal property). 5712 Caldwell Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 | MLS# 4008487 | Redfin SOLD MAR 9, 2022 Street View See all 37 photos 5712 Caldwell Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 Redfin Estimate 3 Beds 2 Baths 1,820 Sq Ft Off Market This home was last listed for $205,000 on Mar 9, 2022. Interactive map to find Owner, Property ID, Address, etc. Caldwell County Assessor's Office County Tax Assessor-Collector Jessica Lucero 100 W. Buck Street, Suite 202 Caldwell, TX 77836 Phone: 979-567-2326 Fax: 979-567-2369 jlucero@burlesoncounty.org 3.5 Cybo Score. Acceptable forms of payment vary by county. Phone: (270) 365-7227 If you have any questions or concerns you are always welcome to call or visit our office. The Assessors Office is located in the Canyon County Administration Building across from the Courthouse in Caldwell. GIS databases are among the most sought-after. 25 S Caldwell Ave. 127 S Caldwell Ave. 129 S Caldwell Ave. 133 S Caldwell Ave. 139 S Caldwell Ave. 145 S Caldwell Ave. 152 S Caldwell Ave. 156 S Caldwell Ave. To access your eStatement you will need a computer or other electronic device with an internet browser that supports 128-bit encryption; a valid personal email address; and Adobe Acrobat Reader version 10.0 or above. Find Caldwell Property Records. There are however some exceptions. This site includes helpful information about how your property is assessed, homestead exemption, special assessment level, along with many other topics and links that you may find helpful. Caldwell is a great place to live and do business and I am glad to be able to provide this service to you. Chief Deputy Cookie Duration Description; cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics: 11 months: This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Review on Cybo. Search Caldwell County, TX property records by Owner Name, Account Number, or Street Address. Find 6 Assessor Offices within 32.7 miles of Caldwell County Assessor. Phone: (270) 365-7227 40415 Rado Ridge Rd. Caldwell County Assessor Kingston, Missouri postal code 64650. If you are mailing your payment please verify the correct amount prior to submitting your payment. Manton, MI 49663 231-839-7105 . As a result of this election you will have a 2022 Corrected Tax Statement(s). NC. The Caldwell Parish Assessor's Office is here to serve you! Users of this data are hereby notified that the aforementioned public information sources should be consulted for verification of the information. While an undergraduate, he began his career as a real estate appraiser, ultimately joining the firm of Maxwell . All other notices required by law will continue to be sent via U.S. mail. Block. View 1231 Caldwell St, Dallas, TX 75223 property records for FREE including property ownership, deeds, mortgages, titles & sales history, current & historic tax assessments, legal, parcel & structure description, land use, zoning & more. NAME, PARCEL # OR BILL # (LAST NAME FIRST), AS IT APPEARS ON TAX BILLS. We do not close for the lunch hour. Information found on CountyOffice.org is strictly for informational purposes and does not construe legal, financial or medical advice. CALDWELL COUNTY, MISSOURI Working together to make Caldwell County a better place Calendar Elections Facebook License & Permits Codes & Ordinances Bids & Job Openings Agenda Area News Search Our Website Search for: Upcoming Events There are no upcoming events. All information on this site is prepared for the inventory of real property found within Caldwell County. On February 8, 2022, the North Carolina State Laboratory notified Caldwell County Animal Care Enforcement that a skunk submitted for testing was infected with the rabies virus. Caldwell, ID 83605 = Mailing Address. Search records using a variety of different search criteria such as name or address. Caldwell Appraisal District is responsible for appraising all real and business personal property within Caldwell County and parts of four surrounding counties. Kingston, MO 64650 From 2019-2020, Matt was also a partner at TM Strategic Consulting, focused on political consulting, where
law, dozens of bills, including those related to agriculture, natural resources, public safety, cannabis
Salary estimates based on salary survey data collected directly from employers and anonymous employees in West Caldwell, New Jersey. Stay in touch with us by following us on Twitter, becoming our friend on Facebook, or subscribing to one of our RSS Feeds. Additional tax dollars can bebilled after voter approval at excess or special levy elections. 105-109-03 City of Niederwald. Founded in 1809, Caldwell County has a population of 12,700 and landmass totaling 348 square miles. Business Hours in Gainesville but grew up in Lee County where he met his wife, Yvonne. WELCOME TO THE CALDWELL COUNTY PROPERTY VALUATION ADMINISTRATION WEBSITE, _________________________________________________________, Data 2009 Caldwell County, all rights reserved | Website Powered by. Meet the Staff lands, transportation & infrastructure, local, federal, & military affairs, and oversight of government
Obtain property tax information at the Louisiana Tax Commission website. 028-202-06 Plum Creek Underground WD. All of my staff are working on their designations with both Kelly and Stacey having received their CKA's. Caldwell County PVA Office These splits and new accounts will not create a 2023 tax bill. continue Kens legacy as an advocate for the taxpayer; using the platform as a Constitutional Officer to
Article V of the US Constitution. of Maxwell, Hendry, Simmons in 2004, where he remains of counsel. Sending notification to the email address on file with the Canyon County Assessor and/or the Canyon County Treasurer has the same legal effect as if the annual or supplemental property notices have been mailed to the property owner via U.S. mail. A Caldwell Property Records Search locates real estate documents related to property in Caldwell, Texas. My staff and I take great pride in our performance. The Vital Records Division maintains Caldwell County birth records, death records, marriage licenses issued in Caldwell County, Military Discharges, and Notary records. Lee County Property Appraiser
Alan Smith, the assessor's office analyst, declined to testify on the bill after the changes. Thank you for visiting our website. Each of the following programs are administered by the county Assessor's Office. He has attained the highest state
There are 2 Assessor Offices in Caldwell County, North Carolina, serving a population of 81,805 people in an area of 472 square miles.
Pro members in Caldwell County, TX can access Advanced Search criteria and the Interactive GIS Map. Find Land Records and Property Records related to Caldwell County Assessor. 211 Bufkin Ln Fax: (270) 365-1348 Read on. You may contact the Assessor's Office at (208) 454-7431. View Calendar NOAA Weather Kingston, MO Last Updated on Feb 17 2023, 2:35 am CST Failure to retrieve or receive your yearly or supplemental notices as described above, does not invalidate assessment valuation appeal deadlines and does not excuse any late fees or penalties if the amount due is not paid timely, nor does it invalidate any collection procedures as required by law for the State of Idaho. More than 100 guests joined Caldwell County Commissioners to open the new Caldwell County Animal Care Enforcement Facility on Saturday. Kidder R.29W. Matthew H. Caldwell. The PROPERTY VALUATION ADMINISTRATOR makes every effort to produce and publish the most current and accurate information possible. After attending local schools in Lee County, Matt received his Associates Degree from Edison College
Phone:(816)586-2571 Tax Rates and Historical Net Taxable Totals by Entity, Linebarger Grogan Blair Simpson, LLP Delinquent Tax Attorneys, Perdue Brandon Fielder Collins Mott, LLP Delinquent Tax Attorneys, Capitol Appraisal Group LLC - Minerals & Utility Appraisals. Lee County Property Appraiser Matthew H. Caldwell. Caldwell County, its employees and agents make no warranty as to the correctness or accuracy of the information set forth on this site whether express or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular use. Please contact your county tax office, or visit their Web site, to find the office closest to you. 100 East Market Welcome to North Caldwell Since the beginning in the early part of the eighteenth century, North Caldwell has served as a fine example of the charm and simple pleasures of suburban life. The Caldwell County Board of Commissioners extends condolences to the family of Senator James T. Broyhill, who passed away on Saturday, February 18. Caldwell County Assessor Contact Information Address, Phone Number, and Fax Number for Caldwell County Assessor, an Assessor Office, at East Main Street, Kingston MO. County. The office determines property tax values, tax rates, maintains and updates the local tax assessment rolls. As the author of numerous Constitutional Amendments, including Save Our Homes,
Texas Association of Appraisal Districts announced historic growth in Texas real estate values. Box 1010 Caldwell, ID 83606 . Keep in Touch . All information contained herein was created for the Caldwell County's internal use. current board member and past chairman of the FGCU Center for Agribusiness Advisory Committee and also serves
Name Caldwell County Assessor Suggest Edit Address 49 East Main Street Kingston , Missouri , 64650 Phone 816-586-5261 Fax 816-586-3600 Privacy Policy North Caldwell is a haven that is the "green jewel" of Essex County with beautiful homes on its hilly, wooded roads. The Census Bureau has calculated our 2017 population at 216,700. Masters of Science in Geomatics from the University of Florida. Matt Caldwell is a 7th generation Florida native, whose family came to Micanopy in 1826. The Caldwell County Assessor, located in Kingston, Missouri, determines the value of all taxable property in Caldwell County, MO. If you need special assistance with viewing our website contents, please contact us at (479) 521-5607. You may not use this site for the purposes of furnishing consumer reports about search subjects or for any use prohibited by the FCRA. To lookup and pay bills, go to the Caldwell County Web Site and select Taxpayer Search and Pay. Links to our Parcel Information database and interactive map are always available above for your convenience. If you have been sick, we ask that you give us a call so we might handle your situation over the phone. 028-204-04 Caldwell Valley MUD #1. Caldwell County Commissioners Approve Expansion of R.E.S.T.A.R.T. All Rights Reserved. Established March 7, 1891 with its county seat at Caldwell. The amount of taxes required is not determined by the Assessor but the individual taxing districts such as Cities, Schools Districts, and Highway Districts Taxes are collected by the County Treasurer and distributed to the taxing districts. They provide precise information on each parcel within the county. Stacey Stalion Caldwell County, Texas County Tax Assessor-Collector Darla Law Lockhart Main Office: 110 South Main Street, Room 101 Lockhart, Texas 78644 Hours are 8:00-4:30, M-F, excluding County Holidays **Property taxes are not collected at this location Phone: 512-398-1830 Fax: 512-398-1834 Luling Office: 505 E. Fannin Luling, Texas 78648 Find Caldwell, OH residential property records including property owners, sales & transfer history, deeds & titles, property taxes, valuations, land, zoning records & more. Caldwell CAD leads in Innovation for Sheriff Tax Sale online auction. Processing of Deeds for Ownership changes are currently as of recorded date JANUARY 31, 2023. Professionalism and accountability are self-imposed requirements at the Caldwell County PVA Office. Caldwell Township Assessor Joe Porterfield 4627 S One Rd Harrietta, MI 49638 231-389-0610 PO Box 2200 certification in his field and is qualified as an expert witness in multiple state and federal courts. Street Map. To assess all taxable property at 100% Fair Cash Value in a fair and impartial manner. The Assessor is also charged with registering motor and recreational vehicles, and with disbursing the applicable licenses and permits. committees including: tax policy, redistricting, insurance & banking, agriculture & natural resources/public
Application for Agricultural Classification, Update Institutional Exemption Information, Instructions for Printing a Variance Report, Why doesnt this parcel have a Tax Roll Value Letter", Senior Exemption Application & Form Download, Physicians Certification of Disability (416). Mon to Fri, 8AM-5PM (Central Time). Box 85, Kingston, MO 64650, Office Hours: Monday through Friday, 8:00-12:00 and 1:00-4:30, Caldwell County Commission . Caldwell Parish real estate records are available online and free to the public. The average unclaimed property officer salary in West Caldwell, New Jersey is $90,625 or an equivalent hourly rate of $44. The Hudson's Bay Company established Fort Boise in 1834 near what is now Parma, but abandoned it in 1855. Thank you for helping us to serve you better! Program The Caldwell County Board of Commissioners recently approved using a portion of the North Carolina Opioid Settlement to expand Caldwell County's R.E.S.T.A.R.T. Find Caldwell County, North Carolina assessor, assessment, auditor's, and appraiser's offices, revenue commissions, GIS, and tax equalization departments. This election applies only to your property valuation assessment notice and/or your property tax notice required by Idaho Code 63-308 and Idaho Code 63-902, and to courtesy reminders and notifications, not required by law.