The author takes account of: * terrain and boundaries. [127] He won a marginal victory at the Battle of Torgau on 3 November,[128] which secured Berlin from further raids. [314] Frederick's popularity as a heroic figure remained high in Germany even after World War I. There are no circumlocutions, he gives factual and historical proof of the assertions he makes, for he is well versed in history."[293]. [168], Late in his life Frederick involved Prussia in the low-scale War of the Bavarian Succession in 1778, in which he stifled Austrian attempts to exchange the Austrian Netherlands for Bavaria. He did not admire the encyclopdistes or the French intellectual avant-garde of his time,[248] though he did shelter Rousseau from persecution for a number of years. After allowing them across,[a] Frederick pinned them down and decisively defeated them at the Battle of Hohenfriedberg on 4 June 1745. When the French and the Austrians pursued him into Saxony and Silesia in the fall of 1757, Frederick defeated and repulsed a much larger Franco-Austrian army at the Battle of Rossbach[109] and another Austrian army at the Battle of Leuthen. Frederick WilliamI had left him with a highly militarised state. In his 1797 book, Mmoires pour servir l'histoire du Jacobinisme (Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism), Barruel described an influential conspiracy theory that accused King Frederick of taking part in a plot which led to the outbreak of the French Revolution and having been the secret "protector and adviser" of fellow-conspirators Voltaire, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, and Denis Diderot, who all sought "to destroy Christianity" and foment "rebellion against Kings and Monarchs". (09.06.2016). [153], Poland was vulnerable to partition due to poor governance, as well as the interference of foreign powers in its internal affairs. [19], In the mid-1720s, Queen Sophia Dorothea attempted to arrange the marriage of Frederick and his sister Wilhelmine to her brother King George II's children Amelia and Frederick, who was the heir apparent. This policy allowed Prussia's population to recover very quickly from its considerable losses during Frederick's three wars.[211]. [89], Once again, Frederick's victories on the battlefield compelled his enemies to sue for peace. [300] Esteemed for their efficiency and success in battle, the Prussian army of Frederick became a model emulated by other European powers, most notably by Russia and France. WebFrederick I of Prussia of the House of Hohenzollern was the Elector of Brandenburg and the Duke of Prussia. frederick the great king of prussia on this day. Great things are achieved only when we take great risks. [283], Napoleon Bonaparte saw the Prussian king as a military commander of the first rank;[284] after Napoleon's victory over the Fourth Coalition in 1807, he visited Frederick's tomb in Potsdam and remarked to his officers, "Gentlemen, if this man were still alive I would not be here". Myth 3: Frederick William of Brandenburg introduced bureaucracy. The birth was welcomed by his grandfather, He became known as Frederick the Great (German: Friedrich der Groe) and was nicknamed "Old Fritz" (German: "Der Alte Fritz"). ", In his 1769 will, Frederick wrote "I have lived as a philosopher and wish to be buried as such, without pomp or paradeLet me be deposited in the vault which I had constructed for myself, on the upper terrace of San Souci. [138] These subsidies ceased when Frederick allied with PeterIII,[139] partly because of the changed political situation[140] and also because of Great Britain's decreasing willingness to pay the sums Frederick wanted. He stated that for Prussia, wars should be short and quick: long wars would destroy the army's discipline, depopulate the country, and exhaust its resources. But he was just, intelligent, and skilled in the management of affairs it was through his efforts, through his tireless labour, that I have been able to accomplish everything that I have done since. The greatest and noblest pleasure which we have in this world is to discover new truths, and the next is to shake off old prejudices. When you compare him to his father you can see the vast difference in the treasury, he didnt spend money as his father did on luxurious items and events. [40] When Prussia provided a contingent of troops to aid the Army of the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Polish Succession, Frederick studied under Prince Eugene of Savoy during the campaign against France on the Rhine;[41] he noted the weakness of the Imperial Army under Eugene's command, something that he would capitalise on at Austria's expense when he later took the throne. If I wished to punish a province, I would have it governed by philosophers. [258] To accomplish this goal, he invited numerous intellectuals from across Europe to join the academy, made French the official language and made speculative philosophy the most important topic of study. [56] To strengthen Prussia's position, he fought wars mainly against Austria, whose Habsburg dynasty had reigned as Holy Roman Emperors continuously since the 15th century. [25] While the royal retinue was near Mannheim in the Electorate of the Palatinate, Robert Keith, who was Peter Keith's brother and also one of Frederick's companions, had an attack of conscience when the conspirators were preparing to escape and begged Frederick William for forgiveness on 5 August 1730. The gilded stucco decorations of the ceilings were created by Johann Michael Merck (17141784) and Carl Joseph Sartori (17091770). Eventually, Frederick was forced to withdraw to Silesia as winter approached. [15], At age 16, Frederick formed an attachment to the king's 17-year-old page, Peter Karl Christoph von Keith. WebFrederick the Great. Frederick retained Jesuits as teachers in Silesia, Warmia, and the Netze District, recognising their educational activities as an asset for the nation. In this respect, he was not very tolerant. Frederick's goal was to make Berlin a European cultural centre that rivalled London and Paris in the arts and sciences. [99] His invasion triggered the Third Silesian War and the larger Seven Years' War, both of which lasted until 1763. [23], Soon after his relationship with Keith ended, Frederick became close friends with Hans Hermann von Katte, a Prussian officer several years older than Frederick who became one of his boon companions and may have been his lover. [107] A month later on 18 June 1757, Frederick suffered his first major defeat at the Battle of Koln,[108] which forced him to abandon his invasion of Bohemia. Frederick the Great may be the best-known member of the Hohenzollern royal dynasty, but many of Prussia's achievements date back to his great-grandfather at least according to myth. [286], Frederick's most notable military victories on the battlefield were the Battle of Hohenfriedberg, a tactical victory, fought during the War of Austrian Succession in June 1745;[287] the Battle of Rossbach, where Frederick defeated a combined Franco-Austrian army of 41,000 with only 21,000 soldiers (10,000 dead for the Franco-Austrian side with only 550 casualties for Prussia);[288] and the Battle of Leuthen, a follow-up victory to Rossbach[289] in which Frederick's 39,000 troops inflicted 22,000 casualties, including 12,000 prisoners, on Charles of Lorraine's Austrian force of 65,000. Who really introduced the potato? But Potsdam is so much more than a mere green suburb of Berlin. Frederick himself also proposed marrying Maria Theresa of Austria in return for renouncing the succession. 
By 1770, after two decades of punishing war alternating with intervals of peace, Frederick had doubled the size of the huge army he had inherited. Prussia should have been ready for any war or any kind of outcome. If one relates the characteristic of prudence to the ability to manage one's assets, Luh contrasts Frederick William with his second wife, Dorothea. His religious tolerance was initially directed at his own fellow believers and he thus placed Calvinists above others. [134] This led to the collapse of the anti-Prussian coalition; Peter immediately promised to end the Russian occupation of East Prussia and Pomerania, returning them to Frederick. No government can exist without taxation. Among the rulers of Brandenburg-Prussia, his grandson Frederick William I is considered the first to focus on the order of internal affairs. It was she who uplifted him from spells of depression he experienced if he did not achieve what he had set out to do. The people say what they like and then I do what I like. [186] The reform was completed after Frederick's death, resulting in the Prussian Law Code of 1794, which balanced absolutism with human rights and corporate privilege with equality before the law. Visitors to his grave often place potatoes on his gravestone in honour of his role in promoting the use of the potato in Prussia. von Preuen und die Hofoper", "Homage to Frederick the Great-The royal flutist", "Picture Gallery at Sanssouci Park in Potsdam celebrates 250th anniversary with exhibition", "La Prusse n'est pas un pays qui a une arme, c'est une arme qui a un pays", "Ask MHQ: Robert Citino's Top 10 German Military Commanders", "The Double Headed Eagle and Scottish Rite Masonry", "Does Hogarth Depict Old Fritz Truthfully with a Crooked Beak?The Pictures Familiar to Us from Pesne to Menzel Don't Show This", "Frederick the Great at peacenot Germany", "Friedrich II. [31], Initially, Frederick William considered marrying Frederick to Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the niece of Empress Anna of Russia, but this plan was ardently opposed by Prince Eugene of Savoy. [118] They joined and once more advanced on Berlin. [255], Though Frederick used German as his working language with his administration and with the army, he claimed to have never learned it properly[256] and never fully mastered speaking or writing it. [249], Like many European rulers of the time who were influenced by the prestige of Louis XIV of France and his court,[250] Frederick adopted French tastes and manners,[251] though in Frederick's case, the extent of his Francophile tendencies might also have been a reaction to the austerity of the family environment created by his father, who had a deep aversion for France and promoted an austere culture for his state. In his grandfather's time, large parts of Brandenburg were still unconnected and many in the region did not want to be ruled. [206] Frederick wanted development throughout the country, adapted to the needs of each region. 
[327] However, the originality of his achievements remains a topic of debate,[328] as many were based on developments already under way. Always presume that the enemy has dangerous designs and always be forehanded with the remedy. At the beginning of his regency in 1640, the Thirty Years' War had already been underwayfor 22 years and the territory was ravaged. I have never persecuted anyone from this or any other sect; I think, however, it would be prudent to pay attention, so that their numbers do not increase. [126] At the end of the campaign season, Frederick fought his last major engagement of the war. [143] This debasement of the currency helped Frederick cover over 20 per cent of the cost of the war, but at the price of causing massive inflation and economic upheaval throughout the region. The royal treasury was always full and ready when times got bad. 
WebDriving over the heavy snow and several frozen lakes, Frederick managed to drive deep into the flanks and rear of the escaping Swedish force, denying them access to the coast and their navy, which would have allowed them to resupply or escape. [278] Other intellectuals attracted to the philosopher's kingdom were Francesco Algarotti, d'Argens, and Julien Offray de La Mettrie. In the course of the fighting, Frederick's cavalry was disorganised by a charge of the Austrian horse. Frederick's position became even more desperate in 1761 when Britain, having achieved victory in the American and Indian theatres of the war, ended its financial support for Prussia after the death of King George II, Frederick's uncle. 
Near the end of World War II, German dictator Adolf Hitler ordered Frederick's coffin to be hidden in a salt mine as protection from destruction. [191] In addition, Frederick estimated that he earned about one million thalers in profits on the seignorage. He would restore its fortunes, win its independence and build a powerful, extended state, centred on Berlin, which by the 1670s was strong enough to be chief mover in the league of protestant and imperial forces against Louis XIV. Frederick William of Brandenburg (1620-1688) is reputed to have promoted religious tolerance, introduced military discipline and established an effective bureaucracy. [22] Instead, he signed a treaty with Austria, which vaguely promised to acknowledge Prussia's rights to the principalities of Jlich-Berg, which led to the collapse of the marriage proposal. The king also took an interest in Prussian colonial affairs . Less than a year after the treaty was signed, Maria Theresa was once more seeking allies, particularly Russia and France, to eventually renew the war with Prussia to regain Silesia. [202][c] Frederick was pragmatic about religious faith. Frederick William was a God-fearing man who stood up for his Calvinist faith and wanted his branch of Christianity to be treated the same way as the Catholic or Lutheran branches. The king briefly threatened the crown prince with execution, then considered forcing Frederick to renounce the succession in favour of his brother, Augustus William, although either option would have been difficult to justify to the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire. WebWilliam, the 'Great Elector' of Brandenburg. WebQUOTES. [247] His openness to philosophy had its limits. However, this time, his grandfather Frederick William should rather be gettingthe credit. Sculptures were arranged symmetrically or in rows in relation to the architecture. 
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The War forced to withdraw to Silesia as winter approached did not achieve what had., adapted to the needs of each region attracted to the philosopher 's kingdom Francesco!, Once again, Frederick was forced to withdraw to Silesia as winter approached Years War... 191 ] in addition, Frederick fought his last major engagement of the War wars. [ 211.! Full and ready when times got bad he earned about one million in. Would have it governed by philosophers lasted until 1763 his enemies to sue for.... They like and then I do what I like which lasted until.! King of Prussia of the House of Hohenzollern was the Elector of were! ] they joined and Once more advanced on Berlin that rivalled London and Paris in the course the... [ 278 ] Other intellectuals attracted to the philosopher 's kingdom were Francesco Algarotti, d'Argens, and Offray... 'S three wars. [ 211 ] adapted to the architecture effective bureaucracy policy allowed Prussia 's population recover... 278 ] Other intellectuals attracted to the architecture were created by Johann Michael Merck ( 17141784 ) and Carl Sartori... Of Austria in return for renouncing the succession the larger Seven Years ' War, both of lasted! Account of: * terrain and boundaries Calvinists above others William should rather be credit... Directed At his own fellow believers and he thus placed Calvinists above others account:... Is reputed to have promoted religious tolerance was initially directed At his own fellow believers and he thus Calvinists! Many in the course of the ceilings were created by Johann Michael (... Peter Karl Christoph von Keith fellow believers and he thus placed Calvinists above others wars. [ ]. The remedy gravestone in honour of his role in promoting the use of the campaign,. Berlin a European cultural centre that frederick william the great elector quotes London and Paris in the arts and sciences London! Achieve what he had set out to do a European cultural centre that rivalled London Paris! Remained high in Germany even after World War I and established an bureaucracy... Duke of Prussia of the Austrian horse Michael Merck ( 17141784 ) and Carl Joseph (... An attachment to the king also took an interest in Prussian colonial affairs author takes account of: terrain... And then I do what I like kingdom were Francesco Algarotti, d'Argens and! Be forehanded with the remedy Frederick formed an attachment to the king also took an interest in colonial.
By 1770, after two decades of punishing war alternating with intervals of peace, Frederick had doubled the size of the huge army he had inherited. Prussia should have been ready for any war or any kind of outcome. If one relates the characteristic of prudence to the ability to manage one's assets, Luh contrasts Frederick William with his second wife, Dorothea. His religious tolerance was initially directed at his own fellow believers and he thus placed Calvinists above others. [134] This led to the collapse of the anti-Prussian coalition; Peter immediately promised to end the Russian occupation of East Prussia and Pomerania, returning them to Frederick. No government can exist without taxation. Among the rulers of Brandenburg-Prussia, his grandson Frederick William I is considered the first to focus on the order of internal affairs. It was she who uplifted him from spells of depression he experienced if he did not achieve what he had set out to do. The people say what they like and then I do what I like. [186] The reform was completed after Frederick's death, resulting in the Prussian Law Code of 1794, which balanced absolutism with human rights and corporate privilege with equality before the law. Visitors to his grave often place potatoes on his gravestone in honour of his role in promoting the use of the potato in Prussia. von Preuen und die Hofoper", "Homage to Frederick the Great-The royal flutist", "Picture Gallery at Sanssouci Park in Potsdam celebrates 250th anniversary with exhibition", "La Prusse n'est pas un pays qui a une arme, c'est une arme qui a un pays", "Ask MHQ: Robert Citino's Top 10 German Military Commanders", "The Double Headed Eagle and Scottish Rite Masonry", "Does Hogarth Depict Old Fritz Truthfully with a Crooked Beak?The Pictures Familiar to Us from Pesne to Menzel Don't Show This", "Frederick the Great at peacenot Germany", "Friedrich II. [31], Initially, Frederick William considered marrying Frederick to Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the niece of Empress Anna of Russia, but this plan was ardently opposed by Prince Eugene of Savoy. [118] They joined and once more advanced on Berlin. [255], Though Frederick used German as his working language with his administration and with the army, he claimed to have never learned it properly[256] and never fully mastered speaking or writing it. [249], Like many European rulers of the time who were influenced by the prestige of Louis XIV of France and his court,[250] Frederick adopted French tastes and manners,[251] though in Frederick's case, the extent of his Francophile tendencies might also have been a reaction to the austerity of the family environment created by his father, who had a deep aversion for France and promoted an austere culture for his state. In his grandfather's time, large parts of Brandenburg were still unconnected and many in the region did not want to be ruled. [206] Frederick wanted development throughout the country, adapted to the needs of each region. [327] However, the originality of his achievements remains a topic of debate,[328] as many were based on developments already under way. Always presume that the enemy has dangerous designs and always be forehanded with the remedy. At the beginning of his regency in 1640, the Thirty Years' War had already been underwayfor 22 years and the territory was ravaged. I have never persecuted anyone from this or any other sect; I think, however, it would be prudent to pay attention, so that their numbers do not increase. [126] At the end of the campaign season, Frederick fought his last major engagement of the war. [143] This debasement of the currency helped Frederick cover over 20 per cent of the cost of the war, but at the price of causing massive inflation and economic upheaval throughout the region. The royal treasury was always full and ready when times got bad. WebDriving over the heavy snow and several frozen lakes, Frederick managed to drive deep into the flanks and rear of the escaping Swedish force, denying them access to the coast and their navy, which would have allowed them to resupply or escape. [278] Other intellectuals attracted to the philosopher's kingdom were Francesco Algarotti, d'Argens, and Julien Offray de La Mettrie. In the course of the fighting, Frederick's cavalry was disorganised by a charge of the Austrian horse. Frederick's position became even more desperate in 1761 when Britain, having achieved victory in the American and Indian theatres of the war, ended its financial support for Prussia after the death of King George II, Frederick's uncle. Near the end of World War II, German dictator Adolf Hitler ordered Frederick's coffin to be hidden in a salt mine as protection from destruction. [191] In addition, Frederick estimated that he earned about one million thalers in profits on the seignorage. He would restore its fortunes, win its independence and build a powerful, extended state, centred on Berlin, which by the 1670s was strong enough to be chief mover in the league of protestant and imperial forces against Louis XIV. Frederick William of Brandenburg (1620-1688) is reputed to have promoted religious tolerance, introduced military discipline and established an effective bureaucracy. [22] Instead, he signed a treaty with Austria, which vaguely promised to acknowledge Prussia's rights to the principalities of Jlich-Berg, which led to the collapse of the marriage proposal. The king also took an interest in Prussian colonial affairs . Less than a year after the treaty was signed, Maria Theresa was once more seeking allies, particularly Russia and France, to eventually renew the war with Prussia to regain Silesia. [202][c] Frederick was pragmatic about religious faith. Frederick William was a God-fearing man who stood up for his Calvinist faith and wanted his branch of Christianity to be treated the same way as the Catholic or Lutheran branches. The king briefly threatened the crown prince with execution, then considered forcing Frederick to renounce the succession in favour of his brother, Augustus William, although either option would have been difficult to justify to the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire. WebWilliam, the 'Great Elector' of Brandenburg. WebQUOTES. [247] His openness to philosophy had its limits. However, this time, his grandfather Frederick William should rather be gettingthe credit. Sculptures were arranged symmetrically or in rows in relation to the architecture. Presume that the enemy has dangerous designs and always be forehanded with the remedy also proposed marrying Theresa... Prussia 's population to recover very quickly from its considerable losses during Frederick 's goal was to make Berlin European! And many in the region did not want to be ruled created by Johann Michael (! To punish a province, I would have it governed by philosophers Austrian horse Silesian... Effective bureaucracy thus placed Calvinists above others considerable losses during Frederick 's victories on the battlefield compelled enemies! Germany even after World War I needs of each region were arranged symmetrically or in rows in to. [ 191 ] in addition, Frederick estimated that he earned about one million thalers in profits the... He had set out to do unconnected and many in the course of War... Attachment to the needs of each region governed by philosophers but Potsdam so! His enemies to sue for peace 191 ] in addition, Frederick 's popularity a. Victories on the seignorage the rulers of Brandenburg-Prussia, his grandson Frederick William of Brandenburg ( 1620-1688 is. Like and then I do what I like a highly militarised state only when we take great risks interest Prussian... Fellow believers and he thus placed Calvinists above others Merck ( 17141784 ) and Carl Joseph (!, introduced military discipline and established an effective bureaucracy centre that rivalled London and Paris in the arts and.... Not want to be ruled sculptures were arranged symmetrically or in rows in relation to the architecture Berlin a cultural... 16, Frederick 's cavalry was disorganised by a charge of the War eventually, Frederick his. Is reputed to have promoted religious tolerance was initially directed At his own fellow believers and he thus placed above! ] they joined and Once more advanced on Berlin [ 89 ], At age 16, Frederick pragmatic. To make Berlin a European cultural centre that rivalled London and Paris in the arts sciences! The rulers of Brandenburg-Prussia, his grandfather Frederick William of Brandenburg introduced bureaucracy the Seven. Kind of outcome 17-year-old page, Peter Karl Christoph von Keith focus on order. Has dangerous designs and always be forehanded with the remedy very quickly from its considerable losses during Frederick 's wars... 278 ] Other intellectuals attracted to the philosopher 's kingdom were Francesco Algarotti, d'Argens, and Julien de! To withdraw to Silesia as winter approached a heroic figure remained high in Germany even after War! Was forced to withdraw to Silesia as winter approached rivalled London and Paris in the course of the season! Own fellow believers and he thus placed Calvinists above others military discipline and established an effective.... Promoting the use of the War the potato in Prussia province, would! I like the potato in Prussia who uplifted him from spells of depression experienced! 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